SQL files can be huge in sizes to load onto an editor in order to fix queries that is preventing it to be imported properly. Instead of loading onto an editor, you can simply execute a find a replace using the find app.

find . -type f -name database.sql -exec sed -i '' s/[text-to-find]/[text-to-replace]/g {} +

Freeing up storage space is a constant battle whether it is on your local computer or on your servers. To list directories and their file sizes, and then sorting them from the largest to smallest, makes life easier by using the following command:

du -sh -- */ | sort -rh

You can check the version of SSH (Secure Shell) on an Ubuntu server by running the following command in the terminal:

$ ssh -V

This will display the version of the SSH client installed on your system. If you want to check the version of the SSH server, you can connect to the server using SSH and run the same command.

Alternatively, you can check the version of the OpenSSH package installed on your Ubuntu server by running the following command:

In the digital age, passwords are one of the primary methods used for securing our online accounts and devices. However, the effectiveness of passwords in securing our personal data and digital assets is often questioned due to the increasing prevalence of data breaches and cyber-attacks. This has led to the search for alternatives to traditional passwords, and passkeys have emerged as a viable replacement.

X.509 is a standard format for public key certificates, digital documents that securely associate cryptographic key pairs with identities such as websites, individuals, or organizations. However, this can also be converted to .pem files using OpenSSL.

Windows servers use .pfx files which contain the public key file (SSL certificate file) and the private key file. However, this can also be converted to .pem files to  be used on Linux server using OpenSSL.

Part of administering web servers is looking through log files for clues whenever you come across issues with your web server or web applications. The logs most often will tell you exactly what went wrong. However, log files can be separated into multiple files and compressed to save space.

To search for a particular text through multiple files easily, use the following command:

find . -name "*.gz" | xargs -n 1 grep -H "[text to search]"

Or if the log files are compressed with gzip, use the following command:

Rsync (remote sync) is a linux utility to synchronize local and remote files and directories, mainly used in terminal.

I use this mainly in downloading/uploading files and directories from and to remote servers or even local files. I use rsync as well with shell scripts for backups that are ran automatically daily using the crontab utility.

File and folder permissions can be a problem sometimes and can cause errors when not set properly on your server.

For WordPress installations, you can set the proper permissions with the following commands:

Set all directory permissions:

find . -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;

Set all file permissions:

find . -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;